Everyone loses hair on a daily basis and if this number does not exceed 50 hairs, we are talking about a physiological process. It is also normal for hair to fall out in children at the end of the first year of life, during puberty and in older people after the age of 60.

If, however, hair falls out in large numbers (as defined) and these are not the periods of life mentioned above, we are most likely dealing with alopecia. An imbalance between hair loss and regrowth is the basis for the diagnosis of alopecia. There are many types and mechanisms of alopecia.

The cause of excessive hair loss can be:

1. Dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis.
2. Use of certain medications (cytostatics, retinoids, immunosuppressants).
3. Unhealthy diet and smoking.
4. Acute infectious diseases.
5. Diseases of internal organs.
6. Stress.
7. Frequent treatments - colouring, perming.
8. Postnatal period, menopause.

The examination on the basis of which we are able to determine the mechanism of alopecia and establish the prognosis is the trichogram, i.e. the examination of the roots of the hair. The trichological examination is also used to monitor the treatment of hair diseases. In many cases, especially in women, hormonal tests are necessary.

Excessive hair loss lasting several weeks requires the consultation of a specialist dermatologist. The problem of alopecia is very complicated and in many cases its treatment requires the cooperation of a gynaecologist and an endocrinologist.

The most important element in reducing the risk of excessive hair loss is proper hair care. Hair care consists of combing, brushing, shampooing and proper conditioning. It is advisable to use natural bristle brushes, to wash the head no more than twice a week and to wear a head covering because this protects the hair from cold and moisture.