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The child's drawing as an element of clinical diagnosis

magdalena Janowska, MA, clinical psychologist, Upper Silesian Centre for Child and Mother Health in Katowice

You can read this text in 5 min.

The child's drawing as an element of clinical diagnosis

medforum

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The analysis of a child's drawing is an important element of psychological diagnosis that clinicians should also be aware of. This article presents the basic principles of interpreting the drawings of children of different ages.

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It is clear that nothing can be inferred from one, two or even three drawings of a child. A child has drawn something because he or she felt like it or, for example, because he or she was angry with a friend who hit him or her in kindergarten or because he or she had a toothache.

Drawing is one of many activities that can suggest to us that a child is in trouble, so it is worth looking at other activities of the child. Among other things, pay attention to whether he or she is apathetic, constantly thoughtful (as if absent-minded) or has moved away from his or her parents recently.

The way a child creates (also drawings) is largely determined by the child's sensitivity, more or less openness and shyness. There are children who tend to draw with weaker lines and their figures are smaller than those of others because they are less "feisty", cautious and insecure compared to most of their peers, which does not necessarily mean that they are doing badly in life or are unhappy.

When we become concerned about children's drawings (our own, or those of our patients), it is worth looking at the creations of their close friends, as children (especially younger ones) often imitate others (especially significant others). It is also known that the drawings of children who attend kindergarten and who enjoy drawing and have had a lot of such experience will be more mature than those who have not had much such practice.

Parents and doctors should be concerned if there is a sudden change in the content and form of the drawings over a period of time (e.g. previously the child's drawings were colourful and the figures were smiling, but now they are grey, colourless and evoke a feeling of sadness). A small number of objects in the drawings can also cause anxiety, if they were previously rich in characters, nature, objects.

Thehuman figure created by a child over 5 years of age should have all the basic parts of the body, i.e.: legs, arms, torso, neck, face with eyes, nose, mouth marked.

Drawing is one of the child's forms of expression and thus, in an unconscious way, a way of expelling the failures or wrongs experienced. Therefore, when a child is angry or sad, it is worth encouraging them. Both sweeping movements with crayons in intense colours and drawings of figures with bared teeth or sad faces, for example, often help to relieve the tension. What is important, however, is how long such drawings last, whether they continue for too long after the difficult event has been experienced.

Self-confident children with high self-esteem draw strong lines with vivid and warm colours and the figures and objects depicted are relatively large. They speak positively about their drawings (e.g. "I even drew a nice picture").

In the content of the child's drawings it is not uncommon to see problems experienced by the child, e.g. the absence of the father in a family drawing may indicate that this person is a source of anxiety or rejected by the child, while the omission of the self in the drawing may indicate disturbed emotional bonds with the family. Children of divorced parents often still draw both parents next to each other for a long time, which indicates that they have not fully come to terms with their new situation.