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Weight gain during pregnancy

Monika Toczek - dietician

You can read this text in 2 min.

Weight gain during pregnancy

PantherMedia

Exercises for pregnant women

The normal development of the foetus is strongly influenced by the mother's normal weight before pregnancy as well as by her weight gain during pregnancy. A woman's weight gain depends on her diet during pregnancy and in the period prior to pregnancy.

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Effects of being underweight before pregnancy

Underweight is defined when the BMI is below 18.5 kg/m2. Being underweight before pregnancy may contribute to low birth weight of the newborn - less than 2,500 g, which may be associated with increased perinatal mortality and increased susceptibility to the development of civilisation diseases in later life, i.e.: type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases.

Overweight and obesity and pregnancy

Like underweight, overweight and obesity are also det rimental to the pregnant woman and the developing baby.

Overweight and obesity increases a woman's risk of developing hypertension, urinary tract infections, postpartum haemorrhage and termination of pregnancy by caesarean section. In addition, the course of pregnancy in overweight women is often complicated by diabetes developing during pregnancy and pre-eclampsia.

Overweight and obesity is not only dangerous for the mother, but also for the baby. It can promote the occurrence of macrosomia in the baby, i.e. the baby's birth weight exceeds 4,000 g. In the future, this can result in the development of non-communicable diseases and metabolic disorders.

Obesity-in-pregnancy, Underweight-in-pregnancy, Weight-gain-in-pregnancy
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Weight gain during pregnancy

Correct weight gain during pregnancy is one of the important prerequisites for ensuring the birth of a healthy baby with a normal birth weight and correct body composition. Recommendations for optimal weight gain during pregnancy have been developed by the Institute of Medicine in the United States.

According to the recommendations, a higher weight gain is advisable in women who were underweight before pregnancy . This should be 12.5-18 kg over the entire course of pregnancy, i.e. 0.5 kg/week in the second and third trimester.

For women with a normal weight (BMI 18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2), the gain should be 11.5-16 kg, 0.4-0.5 kg/week in the 2nd and 3rd trimester.

In contrast, for overweight women with a BMI between 25.0 - 29.9 kg/m2, the gestational weight gain was set at 7 - 11.5 kg, 0.3 kg/week in the second and third trimesters.

In contrast, for women with obesity (BMI ≥ 30), the total weight gain is set to be 5 - 9 kg, or 0.2 kg/week each in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.

A well-balanced diet and "eating for two, not for two" will influence correct weight gain during pregnancy and ensure proper development of the child.