What is periodontium and how to take care of its hygiene?

The periodontium consists of the gums, periodontium, periosteum, root cementum and alveolar bone, which surround the tooth and hold it in the alveolus. Periodontal disease is often caused by inadequate hygiene, hence the importance of using the right toothbrush, flossing, scaling or rinsing.

Periodontal diseases

Periodontal diseases occur in both children and adults. Among the most common periodontal diseases are gingivitis, which manifests itself by itching and burning of the gums, their pain, the appearance of exudate from the gingival pockets and swelling of the gums. Sometimes, mild inflammation progresses to deep inflammation, which is characterised by lowering of the gums, the formation of abscesses, the appearance of mobility and so-called tooth wandering, and even tooth loss.

What causes periodontal disease?

Among the most common periodontal diseases is the formation of plaque, which harbours bacteria. Plaque, which appears after every meal, is particularly dangerous to the necks of teeth - if not removed for a long time, it forms plaque that adheres to the teeth, providing an opportunity for bacteria to grow. Among the factors causing periodontal disease, there is also the so-called traumatic occ lusion - congenital or acquired, resulting, for example, from teeth grinding, nail biting or habitual biting/holding various objects in the mouth. In addition to the aforementioned factors, there are also biological factors, i.e. general diseases that have a genetic predisposition and therefore favour the occurrence of periodontal disease.

How is periodontal disease treated?

The treatment of periodontal disease is a rather long and arduous process that requires, above all, patience and regularity. The first action the dentist takes is to remove dental deposits, i.e. tartar and plaque build-up. The patient is also given anti-inflammatory and antiseptic preparations to alleviate inflammation and bring relief. In the case of deep periodontitis, treatment is based primarily on measures leading to the removal of periodontal pockets and attempts to regenerate periodontal tissues. Treatment also includes antibiotic therapy and, if necessary, oral sanitation and bite adjustment, e.g. through the use of braces.

Treatment of periodontal disease, photo: panthermedia

Prevention of periodontal disease

Proper oral hygiene plays a key role. In addition, treatment of malocclusion and any oral abnormalities plays an important role. Regular visits to the dentist once every six months are also recommended so that treatment can be undertaken quickly if cavities have developed. It is also advisable to take care of your eating hygiene - you should not chew or bite pen caps or toothpicks, as prolonged behaviour of this type also damages the bite. Remember to bite and chew your food properly - bad habits that we reproduce from an early age can contribute to worsening dental problems.

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What are periodontal diseases?

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