A proper pregnancy and birth are very important for the physical and intellectual development of a person.
It is therefore important to limit risky and anti-health behaviour as much as possible in order to prevent defects and possible complications during pregnancy. Adopting an appropriate diet that provides nutrients and vitamins, and possible supplementation, are also important for the development of the child in the womb. A pregnant woman should also seek regular health care in order to control and eliminate factors that may put the baby at risk.[1]
Assuming that the pregnancy is to occur as planned, the patient going to the doctor, during the pre-conceptual counselling, should hear questions about contraception used, past diseases, genetic defects in the family, cancer, diabetes, pregnancy loss, hypertension, systemic diseases (e.g. cardiovascular diseases), autoimmune diseases. The doctor should provide basic information on the pregnancy and its course, delivery, puerperium and its effects and complications. It is also advisable to have basic blood tests, any immunizations (rubella or VH) and supplementation (e.g. folic acid about two months before the planned pregnancy). The candidate mum should be given information on possible lifestyle changes such as appropriate diet, giving up stimulants.[2]
It is very important to follow up appointments. These appointments should be made both before pregnancy and especially during the course of the pregnancy. The timetable for antenatal appointments is strictly regulated for normal pregnancies and each mother-to-be is kept informed of her next appointment. In the case of a pregnancy that is not going well, in addition to the set schedule of medical appointments, the obstetrician-gynaecologist may refer the patient for additional examinations or for consultation with another specialist.[3]
photo: pantherstock
Biophysical examinations to monitor the course of pregnancy include cardiotocography and ultrasound. Cardiotocography is only performed when indicated, but ultrasound is recommended to be performed three times between 11 and 14 weeks' gestation, before 20 weeks' gestation and, if indicated, this test should also be performed before 10 weeks' gestation.[4]
