Table of contents:

Bacterial zoonoses
Viral zoonoses

Zoonoticdiseases are otherwise known as zoonoses. We speak of them when a disease, for which the natural species for development is an animal, is transmitted to humans. Zoonoses can be divided, for example, into bacterial and viral zoonoses.

Bacterial zoonoses

The most common bacterial zoonoses include cat scratch disease, brucellosis and leptospirosis.

Cat scratchdisease is caused by Bartonella bacteria. Cats are considered the reservoir of the bacteria. The bacteria can be transmitted by fleas. The bacteria can enter the human body after contact with cat saliva, which enters the scratch site on the skin. Cases have also been known to develop the disease after being bitten by a cat.
Brucellosis - a disease that has not been recorded in the country since 1994. Brucellosis is caused by Brucella bacteria , the reservoir of the bacteria is livestock: cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, but also forest animals such as wild boar, deer and elk. The bacteria are excreted in urine and faeces, but are also found in milk, so that consumption of infected milk or milk products leads to the development of the disease.
Leptospirosis - caused by the bacteria Leptospira, rodents are considered the so-called reservoir of the bacteria, although dogs are sometimes included. Humans become infected through a damaged skin surface, conjunctiva or mucous membranes. The incubation period is about 10 days, and the disease can be asymptomatic or progress as a severe multi-organ syndrome.

Viral zoonoses

Viruses can also transmit from animals to humans, causing numerous serious diseases.

Argentine haemorrhagic fever - rodents are the reservoir of the disease. Contact with animals or their excreta can lead to infection. The mortality rate among humans is about 15%.
Lyme disease - known as Lyme disease - is atick-borne illness caused by Borrelia spirochetes.
Kyasanur forest disease - a tick-borne disease with a viral origin. Infection can occur through direct contact with rodents, shrews, bats or monkeys, which are carriers. KFDV, from the family Flaviviridae , is mainly transmitted by ticks. The mortality rate among humans is up to 5%.
Rift valley fever - a viral disease of sheep, cattle and humans. The source of the disease is the RVW virus, transmitted by mosquitoes and flies. The reservoir of the virus is usually domestic animals.
Cowbird disease - a disease caused by the cowbird virus, which affects domestic cattle, pigs. Cowpox can also be caused by cowpox virus or catpox virus. Humans rarely contract cowpox, with sporadic cases occurring.
Sheep pox - caused by Caprrpoxvirus. Causes a relatively harmless disease in humans that manifests itself as isolated nodules on the hands, filled with pus.
Swine flu - caused byinfluenza A viruses (H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, H3N1, H2N3) - the disease can transmit to humans. The disease is curable in most cases.

What zoonotic diseases can affect humans, photo: panthermedia

Zoonoses have accompanied humans since the dawn of time. We will probably never stop being confronted with newly emerging diseases whose reservoirs are animals. SARS, RBCsRS or, more recently, coronavirus have also been linked to animals that have been their reservoir.

If you develop any worrying symptoms, you should see a doctor immediately. Sometimes symptoms, resembling the common cold, can be the first signs of zoonosis.

At the moment, effective drugs are already known for most zoonoses, which allow recovery.

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