The results of a study, conducted on a group of male adolescents suffering from conduct disorder, support the hypothesis that psychoactive substance dependence may be associated with a higher risk of later developing schizophrenia.

A study of 50413 adolescents (boys, 16-17 years) with conduct disorder or personality disorder. A history of substance abuse and possible dependence on psychoactive substances was collected and whether they had been hospitalised for schizophrenia was tracked.