The symptoms of coeliac disease or non-celiac gluten hypersensitivity are not only complaints originating from the gastrointestinal tract. The human neurological system also exhibits symptoms that can be linked to gluten intolerance or gluten hypersensitivity. However, these associations, although observed in patients, are not the rule and need to be verified by further research, but in some patients the introduction of a gluten-free diet represents an improvement in the condition.