What are phalanges?

The ph alanges are the bones that make up the forefoot, fingers and toes. For example, the thumb consists of two phalanges. The other fingers consist of three phalanges each (proximal, middle and distal). The phalanges are connected by interphalangeal joints.

A phalangealfracture usually results from the application of a large, intense force on the phalangeal structure. There may be a fracture of one phalanx, but also a fracture of several phalanges (e.g. in the case of trauma/accident). Not every phalangeal pain means a phalangeal fracture. Sometimes severe pain and swelling can be symptoms of: a contusion or bump rather than a fracture. Only an X-ray can give an unequivocal diagnosis.

A phalangeal fracture gives characteristic symptoms like:

• Assumption of a strange phalangeal shape (change in the shape of the phalanx);
• Redness;
• Swelling of the skin;
• Pain;
• Strange 'crackling' of the phalanges;
• Protruding bone (applies to open fractures).

We can divide fractures of the phalanges of the hands and feet into:

• Open fractures (the bone pierces the skin) and Closed fractures (the bone does not pierce the skin covering);
• Fractures associated with nerve and/or tendon damage;
• Fractures known as wedged fractures, which does not allow the phalanx to be set;
• Fractures of the phalangeal shaft;
• Spiral fractures of the phalangeal bone.

Among the most common ph alangeal fractures are fractures of the distal phalanx within the hand. Non-displaced, closed fractures are usually treated by applying a splint to the finger for 3-4 weeks. It is important to consult an orthopaedist after this time to check whether immobilisation has had the intended effect. In the case of fractures with displacement, which cannot be set, surgery is recommended, where special splints are applied. Fractures of the middle and proximal ph alanges also occur, but less frequently. A fracture of the middle phalanx or a fracture of the proximal phalanx is most often treated with plaster immobilisation or an aluminium splint. Immobilisation is applied for about 3-4 weeks. In the case of open fractures or multiple fractures, the fracture can be fused with special plates.

Fractures of the phalanges that build up the toes of the foot are less common and the main cause is, for example, dropping a heavy object or hitting an obstacle. Treatment consists of immobilisation for 2-4 weeks, followed by a follow-up at an orthopaedic clinic. A fracture of the phalanx with displacement requires stabilisation with wires for 4-6 weeks and the use of an orthopaedic shoe, which should be worn for a limited period of time.

Remember that any impact, trauma, causing pain, redness, change in mobility of the finger should be consulted with a doctor. Only with the help of an X-ray, the doctor is able to determine whether a fracture has occurred. In the case of fractures, it is necessary to implement an appropriate procedure to ensure that the bones knit together as quickly as possible and maintain the mobility of the finger.