According to data from the World Health Organisation, Poland is one of the most smog-polluted countries in the European Union. The high toxicity caused by smog, which can accumulate in tissues for years, causes progressive damage and can lead to civilisation diseases. The sense organ, through which we absorb more than 80% of information about the world around us, is also susceptible to smog.

So-called aerosol smog, i.e. the kind that occurs in winter, contains sulphur, heavy metals and also allergens. High levels of organic compounds can lead to dry eye syndrome, infections, surface infections and even conjunctivitis. There may be eye fatigue, irritation and congestion or even a foreign body sensation, photophobia eyes blurring and wavy vision.

- Harmful dust dries out the protective apparatus by excessive evaporation, drying out and impairing tear production. To remove the effects of smog, the body counteracts itself. The lipid layer ensures adequate distribution of tears across the eyeball. As the tears spread over the surface of the eye, they clean the eyeball and moisturise it. It prevents tears from evaporating from the surface of the eye. - explains optometrist Katarzyna Semeniuk.

In order to protect the eyes from smog, it is recommended above all not to go out during the acute phase of its intensity. Pregnant women, the elderly, people with respiratory or heart diseases have an increased sensitivity. If children are outdoors and playing sports, more ventilation may occur and more harmful fluids may enter the lungs. Sunglasses with an approved UVA or UVB filter are recommended. In addition to protecting against ultraviolet radiation, they also help to protect the eyes against dust and dirt. Special hygiene is required when using contact lenses. Care should be taken to wear lenses that are not contraindicated for such conditions and that provide adequate hydration.

When you return home, it is a good idea to wash your eyes with saline and use eye drops. You should also drink plenty of water to increase tear production. It is also advisable to maintain adequate humidity and use air purifiers. Although these measures do not completely prevent the harmful effects, they considerably reduce them and make it possible to bring relief.