Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, or, according to Polish nomenclature , attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, is a disorder characterised by patterns such as attention deficit disorder, hyperactivity and impulsivity. This triad of diagnostic criteria, as well as their persistence for a period of at least six months, is the basis for diagnosis and at the same time the starting point for therapeutic and curative measures. The disorder is recognised as a chronic condition according to the recommendations of the American Psychiatric Association (DS-5). [1]

The main 'components' of hyperkinetic syndrome (ADHD) are a specific package of certain axial symptoms that are present in all children diagnosed with the disorder; however, in each patient, the severity of these symptoms may vary. ADHD is also associated with a disorder, in fact an attention deficit, which is the most common nuerobehavioural disorder occurring in childhood. It is through a child's attention deficit that there can be a deterioration in functioning, poorer academic performance or worsening relationships with both peers and family. [2]

As the experience of specialists shows, patients suffering from ADHD, remain in the field of interest not only of psychiatrists, but also of cardiology specialists. The reason for this is the imbalance of the autonomic nervous system, as well as the fact that the drugs used to alleviate ADHD symptoms affect the cardiovascular system.

From a research perspective

Referring to a study conducted on patients of the Mental Health Outpatient Clinic for Children, Adolescents and their Families of the SGCFSK in Warsaw [1], it is worth looking at the conclusions that emerge from the observations made.

photo: panthermedia

Research group

The study group consisted of 36 male subjects aged between 7 and 17 years. All of those included in the study were found to meet all diagnostic criteria in the context of ADHD, and at the time of the study, they were not undergoing pharmacological treatment. Moreover, due to the developmental heterogeneity, the study group was divided into 3 subgroups, where a subject and physical examination, 12-lead electrocardiography, chest radiography and transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography were performed in each. In addition, the examinations were supplemented by an interview with the parents.

Observations

Physical activity

According to the interview, it was found that, despite marked hyperactivity and impulsivity and balance disorders, the subjects' physical activity was insufficient or inadequate. This relates directly to the WHO recommendations, which clearly indicate the need for physical activity as a factor in minimising mortality. Hence, health promotion and prevention (in a general context, but also in relation to children suffering from ADHD), relies heavily on promoting habitual physical activity from an early age.