Food allergens

The most frequently sensitised (allergenic) foods include: cow's milk (diagnosed in up to 15% of children), but also products such as egg white, wheat, cod, herring, tuna, tomato, celery, kiwi, bananas, bee honey, bee feathers, bee pollen and propolis. Among the most common allergenic spices is cinnamon.

Symptoms

The most common symptoms are constipation, heartburn, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Some patients may develop what is known as oral allergy syndrome (pain, burning and pinching in the mouth). Other symptoms include atopic dermatitis, itching, asthma, hives, rhinitis known as hay fever, burning eyes, blood pressure disturbances, anaphylactic shock (in extreme cases), headaches and migraine. Undiagnosed allergies can lead to recurrent infections and food deficiencies! Among food allergies, we also distinguish between IgE-dependent allergies of the immediate type. This is characterised by the appearance of symptoms a few minutes after ingestion of the allergen. In most cases, the symptoms are swelling, bronchospasm and even anaphylactic shock, which is life-threatening. IgE-mediated allergies can even accompany the patient for life, although not every allergen is affected. For example, it is estimated that up to 80% of children "grow out" of an allergy to cow's milk or egg proteins, but in the case of peanuts, the percentage of complete "outgrowth" of the allergy is less than 20% of the total. In addition to IgE-dependent allergies, there are also so-called IgG-delayed food allergies, commonly known as food intolerances. In the case of IgG antibodies, their level does not rise in the body until a day or two after ingestion of the food, producing characteristic symptoms that can last up to several days (upset stomach, fatigue, migraine, skin lesions).

Rash in children, photo: panthermedia

Rash

The causes of rashes vary from food allergies, described above, to contact allergies, psoriasis or AD. Rashes also occur in patients with diabetes or hypertension. According to the classification, rashes can be divided into:

allergic, whose direct cause is an allergen,
macular, papular, mixed,
according to the size of the lesion into small, medium, coarse,
localised and generalised, according to the location.

Rashes also accompany viral diseases such as measles (the rash starts behind the ears, heading towards the chin, neck, trunk; characteristic dark red spots turning into papules), rubella (pale pink, small, sometimes raised spots), erythema contagiosum (multiform rash, usually appears on the limbs, buttocks, trunk and face, takes on a characteristic shape described as a "butterfly"), erythema urgare (medium-sized, pale pink patches on the trunk), chickenpox (eruptions all over the body turning into papules and then blisters), shingles (rash along the sensory nerves of the trunk, sometimes on the face), herpes or infectious mononucleosis (usually papular, urticarial or haemorrhagic).

The rash also accompanies bacterial diseases such as diphtheria (otherwise known as scarlet fever), impetigo, meningococcal infections and Lyme disease. The rash can also appear with parasitic infections such as scabies, lambliasis, roundworm. Rashes can also occur after taking certain medications as an allergic reaction.

Remember - a rash does not always mean that the patient is allergic. Nevertheless, every rash should be diagnosed because it may indicate different types of infections.

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