The second part of this paper will discuss diseases with a chronic, or long-term, course. A child with a chronic disease requires careful care, systematic administration of medication. For all chronic diseases it is important to prevent exacerbations, including protection against infections. Additional vaccinations, e.g. against influenza, are advisable. These should also be considered in other household members - this is called the 'cocoon strategy'. Acute illnesses are discussed in Part One.