Increased intracranial pressure syndrome is a condition in which there is an increase in intracranial pressure due to a defect in the balance between brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid and the vascular bed. The most common causes are hydrocephalus, malformations of the ventricular system, neuroinfections, brain tumours and craniocerebral trauma.

Clinical manifestations include:

• in infants - excessive growth of head volume,vomiting, convulsions, psychomotor development delays
• in older children - headaches, morning vomiting, strabismus, double vision, convulsions, increased blood pressure

Inflammatory diseases

Nervous system infections are often an immediate life-threatening condition, taking prompt causative treatment offers a great chance of a complete cure and avoiding complications.

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Meningitis

Characteristic symptoms in newborns:

• fever
• convulsions
• lethargy
• reduced muscle tone
• paresis of the limbs
• respiratory disorders
• vomiting, diarrhoea

Among older children, on the other hand, the prevalence is:

• headaches
• vomiting
• fever
• convulsions
• photophobia
• neck pains

The cause of bacterial meningitis in newborns is perinatal infections, caused by Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus or Streptococcus. In addition to bacterial infections, inflammation can also be caused by viruses, mycobacteria, spirochetes, parasites and fungi.

Neuroborreliosis

Neuroborreliosis is a disease caused by the spirochete Borelia burgdoferi and may present with symptoms from the nervous system. Toxic substances in the wall of the spirochete can cause inflammatory and immunological reactions.

Symptoms associated with spirochete infection are:

• erythema migrans
• fever, joint, head and neck pains
• meningitis
• paresis of the cranial nerves

Febrile seizure

A febrile seizure is diagnosed in children when, without an ongoing neuroinfection, incidents similar to epileptic seizures occur during fever. They are observed in 3 to 4% of children aged 6 months to 5 years.