Tumours of the brain and spinal cord are a major problem in oncology worldwide. They affect children, adolescents, adults and the elderly. The symptoms of a tumour are closely dependent on its location and the amount of pressure it exerts on the surrounding tissues. The clinical manifestations of tumours of the central nervous system can vary widely and are an individual matter for each patient. A quick and accurate diagnosis of the tumour and the initiation of treatment offer a chance to prolong the patient's life and improve the quality of his or her functioning in everyday life.