Vaccination intervals - what should they be?
Preventive vaccinations are carried out in accordance with the so-called vaccination calendar. It can be a problem for both parents and doctors to schedule the various vaccinations so that the...
Gastro-oesophageal reflux in children over 1 year of age - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
Gastroesophageal reflux is the involuntary (passive) backflow into the oesophagus of food that has already been in the stomach. Food can back up into the oesophagus only, or higher up (into the mouth...
Mumps - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
Sudden parotitis - or mumps - is an infectious viral disease occurring in childhood, characterised by swelling and soreness of the salivary glands, usually the parotid gland. It usually presents...
Diaper rash in infants - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
Nappy dermatitis is the most common form of contact damage to a baby's delicate skin, caused by the irritating effects of faeces and the ammonia produced from urine by bacteria that break down urea...
Scabies in an infant - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
It is an inflammation of the scalp in an infant, caused by excessive secretion of the sebaceous glands. The inflammation results in excessive keratinisation and the formation of thick lamellae of...
Breastfeeding a child on a gluten-free diet
A gluten-free diet requires the exclusion from the child's diet of products containing proteins from 4 cereals: wheat, rye, barley and oats. It is the basis for the treatment of coeliac disease.
Diet in a child with pancreatic disease
Pancreatic disorders are fortunately a rare problem in children. The most common cause of impaired pancreatic enzyme production (which requires dietary modification) is cystic fibrosis. Other causes...
Diet in a child with chronic liver disease
The most common chronic liver diseases prompting parents to seek dietary advice are chronic hepatitis B and C. These are liver diseases that follow infection with HBV and HCV.
Diet in a child with irritable bowel and diarrhoea
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an intestinal disorder manifested by chronic abdominal pain combined with disturbed bowel movements. Abdominal pain may be accompanied by both constipation and...
Diet in a child with gastric and duodenal ulcer disease
Gastric and duodenal ulcer disease is a chronic condition involving the formation of ulcers in the wall of the stomach or duodenum. The most common cause of ulcer formation is infection with the...
Diet in a child with a tendency to acetonemic vomiting
Acetonemic vomiting is recurrent episodes of persistent vomiting caused by a tendency to increase acetone concentrations in the blood and urine. It is a condition typically seen in children between...
Diet in a child with lactose intolerance. What instead of milk?
Lactose intolerance is caused by a decrease in the activity of the intestinal enzyme - lactase - which digests the disaccharide lactose, contained in most dairy products.
Diet in a child with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that essentially has two disease entities: ulcerative colitis (colitis ulcerosa) and Crohn's disease.
Diet in a child with acute diarrhoea
Acute diarrhoea is a condition consisting of a rapid increase in the frequency of stools and a loosening of their consistency.
Cytomegalovirus in children
This article discusses cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in children in detail. The various clinical forms of the infection and the principles of diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of CMV infection...
Dizziness in children - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
Dizziness is an unpleasant, subjective sensation of instability in relation to the environment.
Stool constipation in an older child - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
Constipation is said to occur when a child defecates hard stools with a frequency of 2 stools or less per week. Constipation should also be called a condition in which the frequency of defecation...
Tooth decay in children - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
Tooth decay is damage to tooth enamel caused by acids produced by bacteria living in dental plaque. The essence of the disease is the decalcification and breakdown of organic tooth structures.
Hair loss in children - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
Hair loss visible when washing or combing hair is usually normal. Every day, a certain number of hairs "age" and fall out, and new hairs grow from the roots in their place. In certain situations,...
