The Centor-McIsaac scale is used to assess the likelihood of a streptococcal aetiology of pharyngitis.
Oral candidiasis manifests as inflammatory changes in the mucosa, gums and tongue. There are several clinical forms of candidiasis. Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis, i.e. the popular thrush, often...
Hoarseness is manifested by a dull, rough voice. It arises as a result of disrupted vocal fold vibrations due to damage to the vocal folds or due to damage to the laryngeal muscles or their...
Dysphagia refers to a swallowing disorder. It can occur at different levels of the oesophagus. The most common causes are: inflammation of the pharyngeal or oesophageal mucosa, neuromuscular...
Dysphonia is a disorder, a weakening of the voice. Depending on the cause, we can distinguish between functional and organic dysphonia.
Inflammationof the corners of the mouth (oral cavities) consists of inflammatory infiltrates, erosions and cracks in the corners of the mouth. The duration of the lesions varies, and in most cases...
Angina, i.e. acute inflammation of the throat and tonsils, often accompanied by purulent exudates, often affects children, but it does not let up in adults either. Untreated, it can lead to numerous...