Colds are the most common illness among children of all ages. It is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. They can be caused by more than 200 different viruses. It is most commonly caused by rhinovirus.
Due to the risk of Rey's syndrome in a child (<12 years), aspirin should not be given. For rhinitis, sprays, drops to reduce swelling of the nasal mucosa are applicable. The medicines are available without a prescription. Depending on the type of cough, expectorants (for wet cough) or cough suppressants (for dry cough) are used.
For sore throats, the child can be given lozenges (for older children) or sprays or syrups. The mouth can also be rinsed with disinfectant liquids. At home, remember to provide an adequate supply of fluids (especially when there is a fever), preferably warm (but not hot or cold). It is also a good idea to use a humidifier in the child's bedroom, which makes breathing easier. Do not overheat the baby. The best room temperature is 20 degrees.
Home treatment is not always sufficient. If the symptoms persist or worsen over several days, with high fever, vomiting, convulsions, shortness of breath, chest pain or if the child does not want to take liquids and is apathetic, go to the doctor. The cause of the symptoms may be influenza, bronchitis, pneumonia or tonsillitis. Some cases require specialist treatment (e.g. antibiotics) in hospital (e.g. in the case of dehydration, poor general condition) or at home. Children with chronic illnesses, e.g. bronchial asthma or immune disorders, are mainly at risk.
