Preterm birth, i.e. birth at the end of the 37th week of pregnancy, carries many risks for the baby, which may include intellectual disability, visual impairment or respiratory disorders. It is also one of the most common causes of neonatal deaths worldwide. Given the aforementioned aspects, it is probably no surprise that researchers are still looking for various risk factors for preterm birth. Recently, work focused on this issue has been led by specialists from theUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.